quantum gate directory

Gates Groups SDKs GitHub

A field guide to quantum gates.

Definitions, matrices, properties and SDK names for the gates of quantum computing, from the Paulis to hardware natives.

    66 gates · 8 groups · 11 SDKs

    Gates by family

    Grouped by family. Within a row, the first three columns are the $X$, $Y$ and $Z$ flavours of a gate. The small number in each card is the qubit count, and the one on the right is the number of parameters.

    XYZ

    Paulis & basics

    1 $X$ Pauli-X 1 $Y$ Pauli-Y 1 $Z$ Pauli-Z
    n $I$ Identity 1 $H$ Hadamard

    roots

    1 $\sqrt{X}$ Square Root of X $\sqrt{Y}$ unclaimed 1 $S$ Phase 1 $T$ T
    1 $G$ unnamed 1 2 $U_2$ U2

    rotations

    1 1 $R_x$ x Rotation 1 1 $R_y$ y Rotation 1 1 $R_z$ z Rotation 1 1 $P$ Phase Shift 1 2 $R(\theta, \phi)$ Phased Rotation 1 3 $R_{\mathbf{n}}$ Arbitrary Rotation 1 3 $U_3$ U3
    2 1 $R_{xx}$ xx Rotation 2 1 $R_{yy}$ yy Rotation 2 1 $R_{zz}$ zz Rotation 2 1 $R_{zx}$ zx Rotation

    rotationscontrolled

    2 1 $\mathrm{C}R_x$ Controlled x Rotation 2 1 $\mathrm{C}R_y$ Controlled y Rotation 2 1 $\mathrm{C}R_z$ Controlled z Rotation

    controlled

    2 $\mathrm{C}X$ Controlled Not 2 $\mathrm{C}Y$ Controlled-Y 2 $\mathrm{C}Z$ Controlled-Z 2 1 $\mathrm{C}P$ Controlled Phase 2 $\mathrm{C}H$ Controlled-Hadamard 2 $\mathrm{C}S$ Controlled-S 2 $\mathrm{C}\sqrt{X}$ Controlled sqrt(X)

    controlledmulti-qubit

    3 $\mathrm{CC}X$ Toffoli
    3 $\mathrm{CC}Z$ Controlled-CZ
    3 $\mathrm{CSWAP}$ Fredkin n+1 $\mathrm{C}^nX$ Multi-Controlled X 3 1 $D(\theta)$ Deutsch 3 $\mathrm{RCC}X$ Margolus

    swap family

    2 $\mathrm{SWAP}$ SWAP 2 $i\mathrm{SWAP}$ iSWAP 2 $\sqrt{\mathrm{SWAP}}$ Square Root SWAP 2 $\sqrt{i\mathrm{SWAP}}$ Square Root iSWAP 2 $\mathrm{fSWAP}$ fSWAP 2 $\mathrm{DC}X$ Double CX

    hardware natives

    1 1 $\mathrm{GPi}$ GPi 1 1 $\mathrm{GPi2}$ GPi2
    n n(n-1)/2 $MS$ Mølmer-Sørensen 2 $ECR$ Echoed Cross-Resonance 2 $\mathrm{SYC}$ Sycamore 2 1 $\mathrm{XY}$ XY Interaction 2 2 $\mathrm{FSim}$ Fermionic Simulator

    interactions

    2 3 $\mathrm{CAN}$ Canonical entangling 2 $B$ B Gate 2 $M$ Magic 2 1 $G_{ij}$ Givens Rotation 2 1 $R_{xx-yy}$ XX−YY Interaction

    qudits

    1 $X_d$ Shift 1 $Z_d$ Clock 1 $C_d$ Chrestenson 2 $\mathrm{SUM}_d$ Controlled Shift (SUM) 2 $\mathrm{C}Z_d$ Controlled Clock

    circuit-level

    n 1 $\mathrm{Ph}$ Global Phase n $\mathrm{QFT}_n$ Quantum Fourier Transform n $O_f$ Oracle n $O_f^\pm$ Phase Oracle n $U_s$ Grover Diffuser
    2 $B^{(2)}_i$ Virtual Distillation

    Groups

    Subgroups of the unitary group $\mathsf{U}(n)$ worth knowing by name. The map shows how they nest and overlap, with one example gate per region. Click a region or a chip to read about the group.

    unitary clifford orthogonal number-preserving diagonal pauli permutation matchgate YXZI HCNOTSWAP ToffoliCSWAPS TCZCCZiSWAP XYfSWAP GivensRy FSimRxRxx
    • clifford16
    • diagonal16
    • matchgate9
    • number-preserving26
    • orthogonal25
    • pauli4
    • permutation11
    • unitary66

    SDK support

    Each gate page names the gate in every framework that has it. The support matrix shows all gates against all frameworks at once.

    • Qiskit
    • PennyLane
    • Cirq
    • Q#
    • PyQuil
    • Braket
    • BQSKit
    • Qibo
    • pytket
    • Stim
    • OpenQASM

    Missing a gate, or spotted a mistake? Open an issue or edit the page on GitHub; every page links to its source.

    Everything here is machine-readable too: all gates as JSON, one file per gate under /api/gates/, and the groups. Each record has the symbol and notations in LaTeX, the matrix as expressions in the gate's parameters, and the basic facts.

    gate.directory made by nts $\oplus$ rdls